Mitundu ya utoto pansalu ndizovuta kuzindikira ndi maso ndipo iyenera kutsimikiziridwa molondola kudzera mu njira zama mankhwala.Njira yathu yanthawi zonse ndikudalira mitundu ya utoto woperekedwa ndi fakitale kapena wofunsira wowunika, kuphatikiza chidziwitso cha owunika komanso kumvetsetsa kwawo fakitale yopanga.kuweruza.Ngati sitikudziwitsani mtundu wa utoto pasadakhale, ndizotheka kuti zinthu zosayenera zidzaweruzidwa ngati zinthu zoyenerera, zomwe mosakayikira zidzakhala ndi zovuta zazikulu.Pali njira zambiri zamakina zodziwira utoto, ndipo njira zake zonse ndizovuta, zowononga nthawi komanso zogwira ntchito.Choncho, nkhaniyi ikupereka njira yosavuta yodziwira mitundu ya utoto pa ulusi wa cellulose mu nsalu zosindikizidwa ndi zotayidwa.
mfundo
Dziwani mfundo za njira zosavuta zozindikiritsira
Malinga ndi mfundo yopaka utoto pansalu, mitundu ya utoto yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu yodziwika bwino ya nsalu ndi motere:
Utoto wa Acrylic fiber-cationic
Utoto wa nayiloni ndi mapuloteni - utoto wa asidi
Polyester ndi ulusi wina wamankhwala amamwaza utoto
Ulusi wa cellulosic - wolunjika, wovunda, wokhazikika, vat, naftol, zokutira ndi utoto wa phthalocyanine
Kwa nsalu zosakanikirana kapena zosakanikirana, mitundu ya utoto imagwiritsidwa ntchito molingana ndi zigawo zake.Mwachitsanzo, pophatikizana ndi polyester ndi thonje, chigawo cha polyester chimapangidwa ndi utoto wobalalika, pomwe gawo la thonje limapangidwa ndi mitundu yofananira ya utoto yomwe tatchulayi, monga disperse/cotton blends.Ntchito, kubalalitsidwa/kuchepetsa, ndi zina. Kuphatikizira nsalu ndi zovala zowonjezera monga zingwe ndi ukonde.
Njira
1. Sampling ndi pre-processing
Njira zazikulu zozindikirira mtundu wa utoto pa ulusi wa cellulose ndi kuyesa ndi kuyesa koyambirira.Potenga chitsanzo, mbali za utoto womwewo ziyenera kutengedwa.Ngati chitsanzocho chili ndi matani angapo, mtundu uliwonse uyenera kutengedwa.Ngati chizindikiritso cha CHIKWANGWANI chikufunika, mtundu wa fiber uyenera kutsimikiziridwa molingana ndi FZ/TO1057 muyezo.Ngati pali zonyansa, mafuta, ndi slurry pa zitsanzo zomwe zingakhudze kuyesa, ziyenera kutsukidwa ndi detergent m'madzi otentha pa 60-70 ° C kwa mphindi 15, kutsukidwa, ndi zouma.Ngati chitsanzocho chimadziwika kuti chatha, gwiritsani ntchito njira zotsatirazi.
1) Sungani uric acid resin ndi 1% hydrochloric acid pa 70-80 ° C kwa mphindi 15, sambani ndi kuumitsa.
2) Kwa utomoni wa acrylic, chitsanzocho chikhoza kusinthidwa nthawi 50-100 kwa maola 2-3, kenako kutsukidwa ndi kuuma.
3) Utomoni wa silicone ukhoza kuthandizidwa ndi sopo wa 5g/L ndi 5g/L sodium carbonate 90cI kwa mphindi 15, kutsukidwa ndi kuuma.
2. Njira yozindikiritsira utoto wachindunji
Wiritsani chitsanzocho ndi 5 mpaka 10 mL ya madzi amadzimadzi okhala ndi 1 mL yamadzi okhazikika ammonia kuti mutulutse utotowo.
Chotsani chitsanzo chochotsedwa, ikani 10-30mg wa nsalu yoyera ya thonje ndi 5-50mg ya sodium chloride mu njira yotulutsira, wiritsani kwa 40-80s, kusiya kuziziritsa ndikusamba ndi madzi.Ngati nsalu yoyera ya thonje yapaka utoto wofanana ndi chitsanzocho, tinganene kuti utoto womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka chitsanzocho ndi utoto wachindunji.
3. Momwe mungadziwire utoto wa sulfure
Ikani chitsanzo cha 100-300mg mu chubu choyesera cha 35mL, onjezerani madzi 2-3mL, 1-2mL 10% sodium carbonate solution ndi 200-400mg sodium sulfide, kutentha ndi wiritsani kwa mphindi 1-2, chotsani 25-50mg nsalu yoyera ya thonje ndi 10-20mg chitsanzo cha sodium kolorayidi mu chubu choyesera.Wiritsani kwa mphindi 1-2.Chitulutseni ndikuchiyika pa pepala losefera kuti chilole kuti chiwonjezeke.Ngati kuwala kwamtundu wotsatira kumakhala kofanana ndi mtundu woyambirira ndipo kumangosiyana mumthunzi, kumatha kuonedwa ngati utoto wa sulfide kapena sulfide vat.
4. Momwe mungadziwire utoto wa vat
Ikani chitsanzo cha 100-300mg mu chubu choyesera cha 35mL, onjezerani madzi 2-3mL ndi 0.5-1mL 10% sodium hydroxide solution, kutentha ndi chithupsa, kenaka yikani 10-20mg inshuwalansi ufa, wiritsani kwa 0.5-1min, chotsani chitsanzo ndikuyika. 25-10% sodium hydroxide solution.50mg nsalu yoyera ya thonje ndi 0-20mg sodium kolorayidi, pitirizani kuwira kwa 40-80s, kenako ozizira mpaka kutentha.Chotsani nsalu ya thonje ndikuyiyika pa pepala losefera kuti liwonjezeke.Ngati mtundu pambuyo pa okosijeni uli wofanana ndi mtundu wapachiyambi, umasonyeza kukhalapo kwa utoto wa vat.
5. Momwe mungadziwire utoto wa Naftol
Wiritsani chitsanzo mu nthawi 100 kuchuluka kwa 1% hydrochloric acid solution kwa mphindi zitatu.Mukatsukidwa ndi madzi, wiritsani ndi 5-10 ml ya 1% ammonia madzi kwa mphindi ziwiri.Ngati utoto sungathe kuchotsedwa kapena kuchuluka kwake kuli kochepa kwambiri, ndiye kuti ndi sodium hydroxide ndi sodium dithionite.Pambuyo pa kusinthika kapena kusinthika, mtundu wapachiyambi sungathe kubwezeretsedwa ngakhale utakhala ndi okosijeni mumlengalenga, ndipo kukhalapo kwachitsulo sikungatsimikizidwe.Panthawiyi, mayesero a 2 otsatirawa akhoza kuchitidwa.Ngati utotowo ukhoza kutulutsidwa mu 1) mayeso, ndi 2) Mu mayeso, ngati nsalu yoyera ya thonje ndi utoto wachikasu ndipo imatulutsa kuwala kwa fulorosenti, tinganene kuti utoto womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pachitsanzo ndi utoto wa Naftol.
1) Ikani chitsanzo mu chubu choyesera, onjezerani 5mL wa pyridine ndikuwiritsani kuti muwone ngati utoto wachotsedwa.
2) Ikani chitsanzocho mu chubu choyesera, onjezerani 2 mL wa 10% sodium hydroxide solution ndi 5 mL wa ethanol, onjezerani 5 mL wa madzi ndi sodium dithionite mutawira, ndipo wiritsani kuti muchepetse.Pambuyo kuziziritsa, fyuluta, ikani nsalu yoyera ya thonje ndi 20-30 mg sodium chloride mu sefa, wiritsani kwa mphindi 1-2, kusiya kuti kuziziritsa, chotsani thonje nsalu, ndipo onani ngati thonje fluoresces pamene kuwala ndi ultraviolet kuwala.
6. Momwe mungadziwire utoto wokhazikika
Maonekedwe a utoto wokhazikika ndikuti ali ndi zomangira zokhazikika zamakemikolo ndi ulusi ndipo zimakhala zovuta kusungunuka m'madzi ndi zosungunulira.Pakalipano, palibe njira yoyesera yomveka bwino.Mayeso amtundu amatha kuchitidwa poyamba, pogwiritsa ntchito 1: 1 njira yamadzimadzi ya dimethylmethylamine ndi 100% dimethylformamide kuti apange utoto.Utoto womwe ulibe mtundu ndi utoto wokhazikika.Kwa zovala zowonjezera monga malamba a thonje, utoto wogwiritsa ntchito zachilengedwe nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito.
7. Momwe mungadziwire utoto
Zopaka, zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti pigment, sizigwirizana ndi ulusi ndipo zimafunikira kukhazikika pazingwezo kudzera pa zomatira (nthawi zambiri zomatira utomoni).Mamicroscope angagwiritsidwe ntchito poyang'ana.Choyamba chotsani zowuma kapena utomoni womaliza zomwe zingakhalepo pachitsanzo kuti zisasokoneze kuzindikira kwa utoto.Onjezani dontho limodzi la ethyl salicylate ku ulusi wopangidwa pamwambapa, kuphimba ndi chivundikiro ndikuchiwona pansi pa microscope.Ngati ulusiwo ukuwoneka ngati granular, ukhoza kudziwika ngati utoto wopangidwa ndi utomoni (penti).
8. Momwe mungadziwire utoto wa phthalocyanine
Pamene nitric acid wothira atayidwa pa chitsanzo, utoto wobiriwira wowala ndi phthalocyanine.Kuonjezera apo, ngati chitsanzocho chikuwotchedwa pamoto ndikutembenuka momveka bwino, zikhoza kutsimikiziridwa kuti ndi utoto wa phthalocyanine.
Pomaliza
Njira yozindikiritsira mwachangu yomwe ili pamwambayi ndi yodziwika mwachangu mitundu ya utoto pa ulusi wa cellulose.Kupyolera mu njira zozindikiritsira pamwambapa:
Choyamba, chikhoza kupeŵa khungu lomwe limabwera chifukwa chongodalira mtundu wa utoto woperekedwa ndi wopemphayo ndikutsimikizira kulondola kwa chiweruzo choyendera;
Chachiwiri, kudzera munjira yosavuta iyi yotsimikizira zomwe mukufuna, njira zambiri zoyesera zosadziwika zitha kuchepetsedwa.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-29-2023