Zinthu za nayiloniamagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, masitonkeni ang'onoang'ono mpaka a nayiloni, zazikulu mpaka zotumphukira za injini yamagalimoto, ndi zina zambiri, zakhudza mbali zonse za moyo wathu.Madera osiyanasiyana ogwiritsira ntchito, zomwe zimafunikira pazinthu za nayiloni ndizosiyananso, monga kukana kutentha kwambiri, kukana kuvala komanso kukana kukhudzidwa, kukana kwa wothandizira wamankhwala, kuwonekera komanso kulimba mtima.
Nayiloni wamba, nthawi zambiri amatanthauza PA6, PA66 mitundu iwiri yodziwika.Nayiloni wamba muzowonjezera, zoletsa moto ndi zosintha zina zidzakhalabe ndi zophophonya zazikulu, monga hydrophilicity yamphamvu, kukana kutentha kwambiri, kusawoneka bwino ndi zina zotero, kuchepetsa ntchito zambiri.
Chifukwa chake, kuti tipititse patsogolo zolakwazo ndikuwonjezera mawonekedwe atsopano, nthawi zambiri poyambitsa ma monomers atsopano, titha kupeza mndandanda wa nayiloni yapadera yokhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana omwe amatha kukumana ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana, makamaka zogawika mukutentha kwambiri nayiloni, nayiloni yautali wa carbon, nayiloni yowonekera, nayiloni yochokera ku bio-based nayiloni elastomer ndi zina zotero.
Ndiye, tiyeni tikambirane za magulu apadera nayiloni, makhalidwe awo ndi ntchito.
Gulu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo zanayiloni yapadera
1. Kukana kutentha kwakukulu -- kutentha kwa nayiloni
Choyamba, nayiloni yotentha kwambiri imatanthawuza zida za nayiloni zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamalo opitilira 150 ° C kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kutentha kwapamwamba kwa nayiloni yotentha nthawi zambiri kumapezeka poyambitsa ma monomers olimba onunkhira.Mwachitsanzo, nayiloni yonunkhira kwambiri, yodziwika bwino kwambiri ndi DuPont's Kevlar, yomwe imakonzedwa ndi momwe p-benzoyl chloride yokhala ndi p-phenylenediamine kapena p-amino-benzoic acid, yomwe imatchedwa PPTA, imatha kukhalabe ndi mphamvu pa 280 °. C kwa 200h.
Komabe, lonse onunkhira mkulunayiloni kutenthasi bwino pokonza ndi zovuta kukwaniritsa jekeseni akamaumba, kotero theka-onunkhira nayiloni mkulu kutentha pamodzi aliphatic ndi onunkhira kwambiri amakonda.Pakali pano, mitundu yambiri ya nayiloni yotentha kwambiri, monga PA4T, PA6T, PA9T, PA10T, ndi zina zotero, kwenikweni ndi nayiloni yotentha kwambiri yotentha kwambiri yopangidwa ndi unyolo wowongoka wa aliphatic diamine ndi terephthalic acid.
Nayiloni yotentha kwambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'zigawo zamagalimoto, zida zamakina ndi zida zamagetsi / zamagetsi.
2. Kulimba kwambiri - nayiloni yayitali ya carbon chain
Yachiwiri ndi nayiloni yayitali ya kaboni, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatanthawuza zida za nayiloni zokhala ndi ma methylenes opitilira 10 mu unyolo wa maselo.
Kumbali imodzi, nayiloni yayitali ya kaboni imakhala ndi magulu ambiri a methylene, motero imakhala yolimba komanso yofewa.Kumbali inayi, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa magulu a amide pamakina a cell kumachepetsa kwambiri hydrophilicity ndikuwongolera kukhazikika kwake, ndipo mitundu yake ndi PA11, PA12, PA610, PA1010, PA1212 ndi zina zotero.
Monga mitundu yofunikira ya mapulasitiki a uinjiniya, nayiloni yayitali ya kaboni imakhala ndi zabwino zoyamwa madzi otsika, kukana kutentha pang'ono, kukula kokhazikika, kulimba kwabwino, mayamwidwe osamva kugwedezeka, etc., ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagalimoto, kulumikizana, makina. , zida zamagetsi, zakuthambo, zamasewera ndi zina.
3. Kuwonekera kwakukulu - nayiloni yowonekera
Nayiloni wamba nthawi zambiri imakhala yowoneka bwino, kuwala kwapakati pa 50% ndi 80%, ndipo kuwala kwa nayiloni yowonekera nthawi zambiri kumakhala kopitilira 90%.
Nayiloni yowonekera imatha kusinthidwa ndi njira zakuthupi ndi zamankhwala.Njira yakuthupi ndikuwonjezera nucleating agent ndikuchepetsa kukula kwake kwambewu kumtunda wowoneka bwino kuti mupeze nayiloni yowonekera ya microcrystalline.The mankhwala njira ndi atchule monomer munali mbali gulu kapena dongosolo mphete, kuwononga kukhazikika kwa maselo unyolo, ndi kupeza amorphous mandala nayiloni.
Nayiloni mandala angagwiritsidwe ntchito chakumwa ndi ma CD chakudya, komanso kupanga zida kuwala ndi mbali kompyuta, mafakitale kupanga polojekiti Windows, X-ray chida zenera, zida metering, electrostatic copier mapulogalamu kutukula yosungirako, nyali wapadera chivundikirocho, ziwiya ndi zotengera chakudya kukhudzana. .
4. Kukhazikika - Bio-zokhazikikaZida nayiloni
Pakadali pano, ma monomers ambiri amitundu ya nayiloni amachokera ku njira yoyenga mafuta, ndipo nayiloni yopangidwa ndi bio-based nylon imachokera ku njira yopangira zinthu zachilengedwe, monga Arkema kudzera munjira yopangira mafuta a castor kuti mupeze amino undecanoic. asidi kenako nayiloni yopangira 11.
Poyerekeza ndi nayiloni yachikhalidwe yopangira mafuta, nayiloni yopangidwa ndi bio imakhala ndi zabwino zochepa za kaboni komanso zachilengedwe, komanso imatha kukwaniritsa zosowa zosiyanasiyana za yankho, monga Shandong Kaisai bio-based PA5X series, Arkema. Mndandanda wa Rilsan m'magawo amagalimoto, zida zamagetsi ndi mafakitale osindikizira a 3D ndi zina zagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino.
5.Kutanuka kwakukulu -- nayiloni elastomer
Nayiloni elastomeramatanthauza mitundu ya nayiloni yolimba kwambiri, yopepuka komanso mawonekedwe ena, koma ndiyenera kutchula kuti ma cell a nayiloni elastomer si zigawo zonse za unyolo wa polyamide, ndi zigawo za polyether kapena polyester, mitundu yodziwika bwino yamalonda ndi polyether block amide. (PEBA).
Mawonekedwe a PEBA ndi mphamvu zolimba kwambiri, kuchira bwino zotanuka, kutsika kwamphamvu kwa kutentha, kukana kutentha kwambiri, kuchita bwino kwambiri kwa antistatic, ndi zina zambiri, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu nsapato zokwera mapiri, nsapato za ski, zida zotsekereza ndi ma catheters azachipatala.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-27-2023